Following last year’s critically acclaimed special, In the Womb, National Geographic takes you inside the hidden world of animal pregnancy in a way never before possible in a remarkable new special, In the Womb: Animals. Featuring state-of-the art visual effects, computer graphics and real-time, moving 4-D ultrasound imagery to take viewers inside the unique world of animal fetal development, these remarkable pictures shed light on how an elephant, a dolphin and a dog develop in the womb.
For the first time, National Geographic opens a window into fetal development in the animal kingdom, unlocking the mysteries of one of nature’s most remarkable journeys— from conception to birth.

[code]http://rapidshare.com/files/105229858/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part01.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105233545/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part02.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/105240381/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part04.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/105259164/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part07.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105264647/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part08.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105270430/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part09.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105276589/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part10.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105283708/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part11.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105289865/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part12.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105296203/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part13.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/105302243/www.softarchive.net.National_Geographic_-_In_The_Womb_-_Animals.part14.rar[/code]

Full Episode List

http://www.tv.com/horizon/show/26691/episode.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=tabssh&tag=tabs;episodes

Uranus Encounter (26 May 1986)

Horizon investigates the information transmitted back to Earth from the spacecraft Voyager II as it flew past the seventh planet, Uranus

http://rapidshare.com/files/86379012/Horizon_-_Uranus_Encounter.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86391624/Horizon_-_Uranus_Encounter.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86391809/Horizon_-_Uranus_Encounter.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86392813/Horizon_-_Uranus_Encounter.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86404559/Horizon_-_Uranus_Encounter.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86414125/Horizon_-_Uranus_Encounter.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86414358/Horizon_-_Uranus_Encounter.part7.rar

The Blind Watchmaker (1987)

Richard Dawkins refutes the claims of creationists that Darwinism cannot be credible because blind chance alone would not produce the complexity of organisms as they exist.

http://rapidshare.com/files/76747765/Horizon_-_The_Blind_Watchmaker.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/76774770/Horizon_-_The_Blind_Watchmaker.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/76782267/Horizon_-_The_Blind_Watchmaker.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/76791273/Horizon_-_The_Blind_Watchmaker.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/76800248/Horizon_-_The_Blind_Watchmaker.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/76808474/Horizon_-_The_Blind_Watchmaker.part6.rar

Nice Guys Finish First (1987)

Richard Dawkins discusses selfishness and cooperation, focusing especially on the tit for tat strategy of the prisoner’s dilemma game.

http://rapidshare.com/files/64804764/Horizon_-_Nice_Guys_Finish_First.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64810773/Horizon_-_Nice_Guys_Finish_First.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64816799/Horizon_-_Nice_Guys_Finish_First.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64786534/Horizon_-_Nice_Guys_Finish_First.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64791644/Horizon_-_Nice_Guys_Finish_First.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64797197/Horizon_-_Nice_Guys_Finish_First.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64798409/Horizon_-_Nice_Guys_Finish_First.part7.rar

Canal in the Jungle (1988)

The first attempt to construct a canal in Panama began in 1880 under French leadership. After this attempt failed and saw 200,000 workers die, the project of building a canal was attempted and completed by the United States in Panama in 1914.

http://rapidshare.com/files/86173236/Horizon_-_Canal_in_the_Jungle.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86173235/Horizon_-_Canal_in_the_Jungle.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86173241/Horizon_-_Canal_in_the_Jungle.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86173295/Horizon_-_Canal_in_the_Jungle.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86201827/Horizon_-_Canal_in_the_Jungle.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/86201853/Horizon_-_Canal_in_the_Jungle.part6.rar

Fermat’s Last Theorem (15 January 1996)

At the age of ten, browsing through his public library, Andrew Wiles stumbled across the world’s greatest mathematical puzzle. Fermat’s Last Theorem had baffled mathematicians for over 300 years. But from that day, little Andrew dreamed of solving it. Horizon tells the story of his obsession, and how, thirty years later, he gave up everything to achieve his childhood dream.

http://rapidshare.com/files/47885175/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47890417/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47895458/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47864023/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47868557/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47872988/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47878353/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part7.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47879988/Horizon_-_Fermat_s_Last_Theorem.part8.rar

The Time Lords (2 December 1996)

Horizon investigates the physics of wormholes and the limitations physics places on the possibility of time travel.

http://rapidshare.com/files/59593487/Horizon_-_The_Time_Lords.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/59570983/Horizon_-_The_Time_Lords.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/59578634/Horizon_-_The_Time_Lords.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/59583509/Horizon_-_The_Time_Lords.part4.rar

Noah’s Flood (16 December 1996)

Follows the work of geologists Bill Ryan and Walter Pitman, who for twenty five years have been investigating evidence for the location of the biblical flood and Noah’s Ark.

http://rapidshare.com/files/64869488/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64822783/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64829259/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64836174/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64843279/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64850450/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64858130/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part7.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/64861885/Horizon_-_Noah_s_Flood.part8.rar

Ice Mummies – Part 1 – The Ice Maiden (30 January 1997)

The results and conclusions drawn by the world’s leading scientific experts from the investigations following the discovery, in various parts of the world, of ancient dead bodies mummified by ice, thus preserving a lot of their secrets. Tools, artifacts and clothes have been found along with the bodies and similarly investigated leading scientists to some startling revelations.

http://rapidshare.com/files/48069947/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48073551/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48077519/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48082369/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48087014/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48092060/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48097426/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part7.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48099021/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_1_-_The_Ice_Maiden.part8.rar

Ice Mummies – Part 2 – A Life In Ice (6 February 1997)

http://rapidshare.com/files/48104147/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48109691/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48115257/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48120957/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48059099/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48062062/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48065361/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part7.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/48066379/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_2_-_A_Life_In_Ice.part8.rar

Ice Mummies – Part 3 – Frozen In Heaven (13 February 1997)

http://rapidshare.com/files/51507659/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/51621932/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/51628846/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/51636749/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/51493103/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/51498729/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/51645853/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part7.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/59545047/Horizon_-_Ice_Mummies_-_Part_3_-_Frozen_In_Heaven.part8.rar

The Man Who Lost His Body (16 October 1997)

Looks at Ian Waterman, who at 19 caught a virus that destoyed half of his nervous system and who, in spite of medical assertions that he would never walk, feed or move again, managed by sheer will-power to get back some mobility. Examines the question of how far the brain can over-ride disease or physical problems.

http://rapidshare.com/files/53393777/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/53378829/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/53386485/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/53513673/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/53518350/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/53523721/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/53529516/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part7.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/53531132/Horizon_-_The_Man_Who_Lost_His_Body.part8.rar

Antarctica – The Ice Lives (12 March 1998)

Report on the possibility of colonising Antarctica, Earth’s most hostile environment, focusing on the scientists who are acting as pioneers into the freezing wilderness, eager to learn the survival techniques of the continent’s many wildlife species

http://rapidshare.com/files/94547720/Horizon_-_Antarctica_2_-_The_Ice_Lives.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94554566/Horizon_-_Antarctica_2_-_The_Ice_Lives.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94115271/Horizon_-_Antarctica_2_-_The_Ice_Lives.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94115196/Horizon_-_Antarctica_2_-_The_Ice_Lives.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94115314/Horizon_-_Antarctica_2_-_The_Ice_Lives.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94115228/Horizon_-_Antarctica_2_-_The_Ice_Lives.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94398713/Horizon_-_Antarctica_2_-_The_Ice_Lives.part7.rar

Antarctica – The Ice Forms (19 March 1998)

The second of three documentaries exploring Antarctica focuses on the mystery of how the ice-covered continent was originally formed. New evidence suggests incredibly powerful geological forces were responsible : a theory which flies in the face of received scientific wisdom

http://rapidshare.com/files/94472305/Horizon_-_Antarctica_1_-_The_Ice_Forms.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94485440/Horizon_-_Antarctica_1_-_The_Ice_Forms.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94488550/Horizon_-_Antarctica_1_-_The_Ice_Forms.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94509245/Horizon_-_Antarctica_1_-_The_Ice_Forms.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94515254/Horizon_-_Antarctica_1_-_The_Ice_Forms.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94527068/Horizon_-_Antarctica_1_-_The_Ice_Forms.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94534406/Horizon_-_Antarctica_1_-_The_Ice_Forms.part7.rar

Antarctica – The Ice Melts (26 March 1998)

Last of the three documentaries about Antarctica. How the threat of global warming in 1987 signalled the start of an environmental panic

http://rapidshare.com/files/94398768/Horizon_-_Antarctica_3_-_The_Ice_Melts.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94398697/Horizon_-_Antarctica_3_-_The_Ice_Melts.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94398756/Horizon_-_Antarctica_3_-_The_Ice_Melts.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94418710/Horizon_-_Antarctica_3_-_The_Ice_Melts.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94420357/Horizon_-_Antarctica_3_-_The_Ice_Melts.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94420592/Horizon_-_Antarctica_3_-_The_Ice_Melts.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94435311/Horizon_-_Antarctica_3_-_The_Ice_Melts.part7.rar

The Midas Formula Stockmarket Formula (2 December 1999)

This is the extraordinary story of a beautiful mathematical formula that changed the world, the financial markets, and indeed capitalism itself. It could do the unthinkable – it took the risk out of playing the money-markets. To its inventors it brought the Nobel Prize for economics. To those who used it, it brought great wealth. But this glittering tale would end in tragedy.

http://rapidshare.com/files/85734103/Horizon_-_The_Midas_Formula_Stockmarket_Formula.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/85732853/Horizon_-_The_Midas_Formula_Stockmarket_Formula.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/85736661/Horizon_-_The_Midas_Formula_Stockmarket_Formula.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/85733911/Horizon_-_The_Midas_Formula_Stockmarket_Formula.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/85733332/Horizon_-_The_Midas_Formula_Stockmarket_Formula.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/85733471/Horizon_-_The_Midas_Formula_Stockmarket_Formula.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/85733734/Horizon_-_The_Midas_Formula_Stockmarket_Formula.part7.rar

Living Forever (4 January 2000)

In the 21st century, will scientists reach the Holy Grail – will they discover the fountain of youth? Will we live forever? Scientists are now close to understanding the biological mechanisms that make us age and make us die. A few decades ago, no-one thought we could add years to life. The maximum life-span possible for humans was believed to be a hundred or so – and all because of an immutable genetic clock.

http://rapidshare.com/files/71634492/Horizon_-_Living_Forever.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/71625697/Horizon_-_Living_Forever.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/71629053/Horizon_-_Living_Forever.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/71632457/Horizon_-_Living_Forever.part4.rar

Extreme Dinosaurs The Science Of Giants (23 November 2000)

Horizon follows the scientists to Argentina as they unearth a brand new species of dinosaur; the biggest carnivore ever discovered. Not yet named, this new creature is even bigger than T. rex, the so-called ‘king’ of the carnivores. The new giant South American predator had a skull bigger than a man that was full of serrated, knife-like teeth and long powerful jaw muscles. They could dissect their prey with almost surgical precision.

http://rapidshare.com/files/47846155/Horizon_-_Extreme_Dinosaurs_The_Science_Of_Giants.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47849371/Horizon_-_Extreme_Dinosaurs_The_Science_Of_Giants.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47852911/Horizon_-_Extreme_Dinosaurs_The_Science_Of_Giants.part3.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/47834508/Horizon_-_Extreme_Dinosaurs_The_Science_Of_Giants.part5.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/47842769/Horizon_-_Extreme_Dinosaurs_The_Science_Of_Giants.part8.rar

Supermassive Black Holes (30 November 2000)

n June 2000, astronomers made an extraordinary discovery. One that promises to solve one of the biggest problems in cosmology – how and why galaxies are created. Incredibly, the answer involves the most weird, destructive and terrifying objects in the Universe – supermassive black holes. Scientists are beginning to believe that these forces of pure destruction actually help trigger the birth of galaxies and therefore are at the heart of the creation of stars, planets and all life.

http://rapidshare.com/files/52516052/Horizon_-_Supermassive_Black_Holes.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/52523088/Horizon_-_Supermassive_Black_Holes.part2.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/52498940/Horizon_-_Supermassive_Black_Holes.part8.rar

Atlantis Reborn Again (14 December 2000)

Although scientists believe they have categorically disproved the myth of Atlantis, the idea is more popular now than ever before. The latest exponent of the theory of a single lost source for all civilisation, is Graham Hancock. Although he doesn’t call it Atlantis, his compelling ideas about a sophisticated society destroyed in a flood 12,000 years ago seem to be based on a reworking of the original Atlantis myth, whose survivors brought culture, religion, monument-building and civilisation to the rest of the world. Horizon puts Graham Hancock’s controversial theories about the past to the test, dissecting his evidence for a lost civilisation.

http://rapidshare.com/files/94436845/Horizon_-_Atlantis_Reborn_Again.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/94497633/Horizon_-_Atlantis_Reborn_Again.part2.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/94470423/Horizon_-_Atlantis_Reborn_Again.part7.rar

Life on Mars (18 January 2001)

If there’s life on Mars, it would be one of the most important discoveries of all time. It would mean life on Earth was not some special unique event – it would mean there’s likely to be life throughout the Universe.

http://rapidshare.com/files/51958714/Horizon_-_Life_on_Mars.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/51970173/Horizon_-_Life_on_Mars.part2.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/51995412/Horizon_-_Life_on_Mars.part8.rar

Death Star (18 October 2001)

Out in deepest space lurks a force of almost unimaginable power. Explosions of extraordinary violence, are blasting through the Universe every day. If one ever struck our Solar System it would destroy our Sun and all the planets. For years no one could work out what was causing these awesome explosions. Now scientists think they have identified the culprit. It’s the most extreme object ever found in the Universe; they have christened it a ‘hypernova’.

http://rapidshare.com/files/68062971/Horizon_-_Death_Star.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/68070569/Horizon_-_Death_Star.part2.rar

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Cloning The First Human (25 October 2001)

There is another question that few ever ask: is the science actually ready yet for cloning healthy humans? Horizon follows the latest research, which has led many scientists to believe that Zavos and Antinori’s plans to clone the first human could end in tragedy. The programme also meets couples like Matthew and Desirée Racquer (above) who think cloning offers them the only way to raise a child who is truly their own.

http://rapidshare.com/files/47764909/Horizon_-_Cloning_The_First_Human.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47716487/Horizon_-_Cloning_The_First_Human.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/47724525/Horizon_-_Cloning_The_First_Human.part3.rar

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http://rapidshare.com/files/47616914/Horizon_-_Cloning_The_First_Human.part8.rar

The Lost Pyramids Of Cara (31 January 2002)

The magnificent ancient city of pyramids at Caral in Peru hit the headlines in 2001. The site is a thousand years older than the earliest known civilisation in the Americas and, at 2,627 BC, is as old as the pyramids of Egypt. Many now believe it is the fabled missing link of archaeology – a ‘mother city’. If so, then these extraordinary findings could finally answer one of the great questions of archaeology: why did humans become civilised?

http://rapidshare.com/files/53573891/Horizon_-_The_Lost_Pyramids_Of_Cara.part1.rar

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The Dinosaur That Fooled The World (21 February 2002)

In the mid 1800s, when Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution, one species of animal remained a mystery; where did birds fit on his evolutionary tree? Several years later his friend and colleague, Thomas Henry Huxley, came up with an answer. Huxley had recently examined a new fossil from southern Germany called Archaeopteryx which was causing considerable excitement in palaeontological circles. There were clear signs of feathers and it was obvious this was the earliest fossil evidence of a bird ever found. Huxley noticed something else as well. To him it looked as though the skeleton bore a striking similarity to that of a family of meat eating dinosaurs known as therapods.

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Freak Wave (14 November 2002)

The world’s oceans claim on average one ship a week, often in mysterious circumstances. With little evidence to go on, investigators usually point at human error or poor maintenance but an alarming series of disappearances and near-sinkings, including world-class vessels with unblemished track records, has prompted the search for a more sinister cause and renewed belief in a maritime myth: the wall of water. Waves the height of an office block. Waves twice as large as any that ships are designed to ride over.

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The Secret of El Dorado (19 December 2002)

In 1542, the Spanish Conquistador, Francisco de Orellana ventured along the Rio Negro, one of the Amazon Basin’s great rivers. Hunting a hidden city of gold, his expedition found a network of farms, villages and even huge walled cities. At least that is what he told an eager audience on his return to Spain. The prospect of gold drew others to explore the region, but none could find the people of whom the first Conquistadors had spoken. Orellana’s story seemed to be no more than a fanciful myth.

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Trial & Error (27 February 2003)

a cure for cancer, as well as cystic fibrosis and hundreds of other genetic illnesses. It was the simplest idea but one with enormous potential. If a gene is defective in the human body, just replace it with one that works properly. Scientists were justifiably excited about gene therapy, but this enthusiasm would end up costing one young man his life.

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Earthquake Storms (1 April 2003)

In the last hundred years earthquakes have claimed the lives of over one million people. It is impossible to say accurately when a quake will strike but a new theory could help save lives by preparing cities long in advance for an earthquake.

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The Secret Life of Caves (3 April 2003)

Set against the back drop of awe inspiring geological beauty, a strange scientific adventure sets out to discover how a mineral clad cave network – the height of a 30 storey building and the length of six football fields – came to exist deep below the Guadalupe Mountains in North America.

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Flight 587 (8 May 2003)

In 105 seconds 265 people lost there lives as Flight 587 crashed into the New York suburb of Queens in November 2001. Horizon finds out why and in the process comes across a very startling fact.

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The Bible Code (20 November 2003)

Michael Drosnin is an American journalist and best selling author. He has written two books claiming that he can see into the future using a 3000 year old code, hidden in the Bible.

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Secrets Of The Star Disk (29 January 2004)

This is the extraordinary story of how a small metal disc is rewriting the epic saga of how civilisation first came to Europe, 3600 years ago.

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The Dark Secret Of Hendrik Schon (5 February 2004)

Imagine a world where disease could be eradicated by an injection of tiny robots the size of molecules. That is the hope offered by nanotechnology. But others fear nanotechnology could lead to a non-biological cancer – where swarms of tiny nanobots come together and literally devour human flesh.

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T.Rex – Warrior or Wimp? (11 March 2004)

Tyrannosaurus rex – it’s the scariest, meanest, most bewitching dinosaur of them all. Children are captivated by the sheer savagery of the teeth. Experts marvelled at the force of its bite – ten times more powerful than anything we know today. Moviemakers made millions out of the terror it inspired. But could our picture of this monster be completely wrong?

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The Truth Of Troy (15 March 2004)

It’s one of the greatest stories ever told. The legend of Helen of Troy has enchanted audiences for the last three thousand years. But is there any reality to the myth?

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Project Poltergeist (18 March 2004)

This is the story of two genuine scientific heroes, who for 40 years were engaged in a single extraordinary experiment – to find out why the Sun shines. What they would reveal would stun the world of science. They may have found the reason why everything, including us, exists.

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First Olympian (23 July 2004)

Horizon recreates the first Olympics of ancient Greece, it shows the hardship and pure determination needed and how these athletes devoted their lives to it.

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King Solomon’s Tablet Of Stone (23 September 2004)

When authenticity of a remarkable artefact from the Holy Land with an asking price as high as $10million is thrown into doubt, the world of archaeologically suspects more fakes.

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Making Millions the Easy Way (30 September 2004)

In the mid-1990s, a team of American science students took on the might of the Las Vegas casinos, and came home with millions of dollars. Hardworking engineering students during the week, they became high-rolling gamblers by the weekend and proved that, in one game at least, the house doesn’t always win.

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Supertwisters (28 October 2004)

Following the storm chasers who risk their lives to discover how a strong wind is turned into a 500km/h killer tornado.

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Global Dimming (15 January 2005)

We are all seeing rather less of the Sun. Paradoxically, the decline in sunlight may mean that global warming is a far greater threat to society than previously thought.

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Neanderthal (10 February 2005)

Their bodies were well equipped to cope with the Ice Age, so why did the Neanderthals die out when it ended?

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Does The MMR Jab Cause Autism (29 May 2005)

No public health issue of recent years has attracted such heated debate as the question of whether the MMR vaccine can cause autism. Horizon separates fact from fiction.

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Malaria, Defeating the Curse (5 June 2005)

This is the story of an epic battle between science and nature. It’s a battle to destroy a disease that is one of the biggest killers on the planet: malaria. Every time scientists thought they were winning, the disease has returned stronger and more deadly.

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The Hawking Paradox (8 September 2005)

Has Stephen Hawking been wrong for the last 30 years?

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Titan A Place Like Home (20 October 2005)

Over a billion kilometres away, Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, holds tantalising clues to how life began here on Earth.

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The Family That Walks on All Fours (17 March 2006)

Five siblings from Turkey who walk on all fours could provide science with an insight into human evolution.

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The Woman Who Thinks like a Cow (8 June 2006)

Dr. Temple Grandin has a unique ability to understand the animal mind – and she’s convinced her skill is down to her autistic brain.

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Bye Bye Planet Pluto (22 June 2006)

In August 2006, the International Astronomical Union made a tough decision to strip Pluto of its status as a planet. The evidence against Pluto had been mounting ever since its discovery in 1930.

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We Love Cigarettes (29 June 2006)

A love of nicotine unites all peoples across the globe, regardless of colour, wealth or creed. Where religion and politics have failed, tobacco has succeeded, but at what cost? For over 50 years people have been knowingly paying for the pleasure of tobacco with their lives, making man’s fatal tryst with the cigarette one of the weirdest love affairs ever.

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Nuclear Nightmares (13 July 2006)

Horizon speaks to a number of scientists who are asking whether we need to rethink the dangers of radiation as there is evidence to suggest that there is a threshold below which radiation may be harmless – or even beneficial.

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Tutankhamun’s Fireball (20 July 2006)

A team of scientists set out to solve the mystery of chunks of ancient glass scattered in a remote part of the Sahara Desert. Their quest takes them on a perilous journey into the Great Sand Sea, the wastes of Siberia and the test site of the world’s first atomic bomb in New Mexico. What their search uncovers is a devastating new natural phenomenon.

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Human v2.0 (24 October 2006)

It’s predicted that by 2029 computer intelligence will equal the power of the human brain. Some believe this will revolutionise humanity – we will be able to download our minds to computers extending our lives indefinitely. Others fear this will lead to oblivion by giving rise to destructive ultra intelligent machines.

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The Great Robot Race (31 October 2006)

Horizon follows 20 robot cars on a remarkable race across the Nevada desert. These cars drive themselves. There are no drivers and no remote controls, they must navigate entirely on their own.

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We are the Aliens (14 November 2006)

Horizon investigates panspermia, the idea that life on Earth came from another planet.

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A War on Science (26 January 2006)

When Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution nearly 150 years ago, he shattered the dominant belief of his day – that humans were the product of divine creation. Through his observations of nature, Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. This caused uproar. After all, if the story of creation could be doubted, so too could the existence of the creator. Ever since its proposal, this cornerstone of biology has sustained wave after wave of attack. Now some scientists fear it is facing the most formidable challenge yet: a controversial new theory called intelligent design.

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Moon For Sale (10 April 2007)

After 40 years, man is preparing to return to the Moon. But this time the astronauts won’t just land on the Moon – they plan to stay. If they succeed in transporting Helium-3 back to Earth they could solve the world’s energy crisis.

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Skyscraper Fire Fighters (24 April 2007)

When a fire gets out of control in a skyscraper it tests fire fighters to their limits. Horizon investigates a system that could change the way fires are fought forever.

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The Six Billion Dollar Experiment (1 May 2007)

In the coming months the most complex scientific instrument ever built will be switched on. The Large Hadron Collider promises to recreate the conditions right after the Big Bang. By revisiting the beginning of time, scientists hope to unravel some of the deepest secrets of our Universe.

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How to Commit the Perfect Murder (8 May 2007)

Modern forensic science should make it impossible to commit murder and get away with it. But how easy would it be to outfox the detectives? With the help of top forensic scientists, and real-life murder investigations, Horizon explore whether it’s possible to commit a perfect murder.

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Everest – Doctors in the Death Zone, part 1 (23 September 2007)

This two-part special follows a team of doctors conducting a series of groundbreaking experiments as they climb Everest, the world’s highest peak. From their laboratory tents, pitched in -25&degC conditions, the experts use their own bodies for medical tests. They push themselves to the limit to better understand the human body’s behaviour in a low-oxygen environment. The team hopes their work will lead to new, life-saving treatments for intensive care patients suffering from hypoxia, a shortage of oxygen in the body.

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Everest – Doctors in the Death Zone, part 2 (30 September 2007)

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How to Kill a Human Being (15 January 2008)

Michael Portillo explores humane solutions to the apparent international crisis in capital punishment, which even in the technologically advanced United States has required reassessment of the practicalities amid concerns about unnecessary suffering. With evidence of gruesome botched executions across the world, the former MP finds what he believes could be the answer.

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Total Isolation (22 January 2008)

For the first time in 40 years Horizon re-creates a controversial sensory deprivation experiment. The original experiments carried out in the 1950s and 60s thought by the scientific establishment to be too cruel and were discontinued.

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What on Earth is wrong with gravity? (29 January 2008)

Particle physicist and ex D:Ream keyboard player Dr Brian Cox wants to know why the Universe is built the way it is. He believes the answers lie in the force of gravity. But Newton thought gravity was powered by God, and even Einstein failed to completely solve it. Heading out with his film crew on a road trip across the USA, Brian fires lasers at the moon in Texas, goes mad in the desert in Arizona, encounters the bending of space and time at a maximum security military base, tries to detect ripples in our reality in the swamps of Louisiana and searches for hidden dimensions just outside Chicago.

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Is alcohol worse than ecstasy? (5 February 2008)

Recent research has analysed the link between the harmful effects of drugs relative to their current classification by law with some startling conclusions. Perhaps most startling of all is that alcohol, solvents and tobacco (all unclassified drugs) are rated more dangerous than ecstasy, 4-MTA and LSD (all class A drugs). If the current ABC system is retained, alcohol would be rated a class A drug and tobacco class B.

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How to make better decisions (13 February 2008)

We are bad at making decisions. According to science, our decisions are based on oversimplification, laziness and prejudice. And that’s assuming that we haven’t already been hijacked by our surroundings or led astray by our subconscious!

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How to live to 101 (19 February 2008)

The quest to live longer has been one of humanities oldest dreams, but while scientists have been searching, a few isolated communities have stumbled across the answer. On the remote Japanese island of Okinawa, In the Californian town of Loma Linda and in the mountains of Sardinia people live longer than anywhere else on earth.

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[BBC Special] Richard Hammond Meets Evel Knievel 2007
Documentary | XViD | 640×352 | 59 Mins | 25 fps | 715 MB | MP3 132kbps | English | RAR | RS.com

In a one-off special film, shot in the summer of 2007, Top Gear host Richard Hammond fulfils his childhood dream of meeting Evel Knievel. It’s some of the last footage shot of the legendary motorcycle stunt rider before he died at the end of November, aged 69.

Travelling to Butte, Montana, the town of Evel’s birth, Hammond talks exclusively to Evel over a three-day spectacular, known as “Evel Knievel Days”. The event is an extravaganza of Evel-inspired motorcycle stunts which attracts a throng of Evel’s unique fans.

Hammond reminiscences with Evel about his death-defying feats and recollects the triumph, glory and pain. Together, they share insights into Evel’s crashes and deliberate the precarious balance between life and death.

An American icon, Evel carved out a career that spanned the 1960s, 70s and 80s, and he was as much in the limelight for his death-defying stunts as he was for his bar brawling and womanising.

Hammond gains further insight into Evel’s character by meeting his family and former staff, who offer a fresh perspective on his childhood hero. Hammond’s desire to get to the core of a man he dreamed of emulating as a child not only highlights the extremes of Evel’s personality, but also reveals how Evel was the greatest daredevil of his generation.

As Evel continues to enrapture his fans, what reflections does he offer on fame, America and the value of life?

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Open your eyes to the bizarre, ferocious and surprisingly beautiful world of the invertebrates. Join David Attenborough on his ground-breaking exploration into a spectacular miniature universe never normally seen but teeming all around us. Not just bugs and beetles, but exotic cicadas, neon glow worms, intricate silk-weaving spiders and bat-eating centipedes — not to mention a whole host of other incredible life forms and intimiate, startling behaviour. Thanks to technical innovations in lighting, optics and computerised motion control this turbulent, super-organised world is finally revealed from the perspective of its extraordinary inhabitants. These creatures may be miniscule, but they live life on a truly grand scale.

“An eye from another world; a smell-detector, investigating the path ahead. We don’t often see a snail that way, and that’s because we’ve only recently had the tiny lenses and electronic cameras that we need to explore this miniature world. But when we meet its inhabitants face to face, we suddenly realise that their behaviour can be just as meaningful to us as the behaviour of many animals more our own size.” — David Attenborough’s opening narration

1. “Invasion of the Land”

Broadcast 23 November 2005, the first episode tells how invertebrates became the first creatures of any kind to colonise dry land. Their forerunners were shelled and segmented sea creatures that existed 400 million years ago. Some of them ventured out of the water to lay their eggs in safety, and Attenborough compares those first steps with today’s mass spawning of horseshoe crabs off the Atlantic coast of North America. The oceans were abandoned altogether when the land became green with algae, mosses and liverworts. The earliest ground-dwellers were millipedes, which were quickly followed by other species. Springtails are shown to be smaller than the head of a pin and, for their size, can jump immense heights. The velvet worm hunts nocturnally and has scarcely changed over millennia, while the giant centipede can kill instantly and is shown hunting bats in Venezuela. Mating habits are explored, including the unusual ritual of leopard slugs and the meticulous nest maintenance of the harvestman. The arrival of earthworms was of great importance since they changed the nature of the soil, leading to a proliferation of plant life. Despite their aquatic ancestry, many invertebrates, particularly with those with no exoskeleton, need a moist environment to keep themselves from drying out. Finally, a creature that has adapted to a desert habitat, the scorpion, is shown as it pursues its dangerous courting dance, followed by the birth of up to fifty individuals.

2. “Taking to the Air”

Broadcast 30 November 2005, the next programme deals with flying insects. It begins in Central Europe, where the Körös River plays host to millions of giant mayflies as they rise from their larval skins to mate. — the climax of their lives. Mayflies and dragonflies were among the first to take to the air about 320 million years ago, and fossils reveal that some were similar in size to a seagull. Damselflies are also looked at in detail. One species, the rare cascade damsel, inhabits waterfalls, while another, the helicopter damsel, lives away from water (unlike all the others in its group) and is also the biggest. Several types of butterfly are shown, but all have common habits, and Attenborough describes their physiology. Together with moths, they possess the largest wings, and this surface area gives ample opportunity to display for partners or warn off predators. In cold weather, bumblebees must warm themselves to prepare for flight: they ‘disable’ their wings, enabling them to exercise their muscles without taking off. The vestigial rear wings of flies and crane flies are used for navigation, and arguably the most accomplished insect aviator is the hoverfly, which makes continuous adjustments while in the air to remain stationary. Beetles that are capable of flight have to keep their wings below covers, and a specimen of the largest, the titan beetle, is shown. Attenborough attempts to entice a male cicada, only to have it land on his ear (causing laughter from the camera team).

3. “The Silk Spinners”

Broadcast 7 December 2005, the third instalment examines the spiders and others that produce silk. Attenborough visits a cave in New Zealand that is inhabited by fungus gnats, whose illuminated larvae sit atop glistening, beaded filaments to lure their prey. The ability to spin silk developed early in the invertebrates’ history, being first used as an adhesive. The female lacewing still applies it in this way, to suspend its eggs from plant stems. Spiders first employed it as a sensitive trip line to detect movement, and Attenborough illustrates this by encouraging a trapdoor spider. The speed with which it appears causes the presenter to jump in surprise. The webs spun by orb-weavers are complex and can comprise up to 60 metres of silk and 3,000 separate attachments. A time-lapse sequence reveals their intricate construction. The largest are made by nephila and can be several metres across. The venomous red-back spins three-dimensionally, and fixes vertical lines that suspend its unlucky meals in mid-air. Meanwhile, the bolas spider swings a length of silk with a sticky blob on the end, with which to snare passing moths. Argiope exemplifies the dangers of mating that are faced by some male spiders: unless they are careful, they can be consumed by the females. The courtship of the wolf spider, though less risky, is one of the more elaborate. Its nesting habits are discussed, along with the eventual birth of its young, which cling to their mother’s back.

4. “Intimate Relations”

Broadcast 14 December 2005, the penultimate episode focuses on the relationships between invertebrates and plants or other animals. It begins with ants and aphids: the former ‘herd’ the latter and protect them in return for secreted honeydew. The activities of gall-inducing insects are described, using the example of the oak tree. Many plants recruit insects to aid pollination, offering nectar for doing so, and some predators have adopted camouflage to take advantage of this, such as the crab spider. Stick insects rely on ants to hide their eggs underground for them in safety. In the Californian desert, the blister beetle’s larvae congregate on a stem and, by releasing a pheromone, attract a male digger bee on the lookout for a female. They climb aboard their visitor and eventually transfer to its mate, which will in turn unwittingly deposit them in its nest — providing sustenance. An orchard spider is shown enduring a parasitic wasp grub, which injects its host with a hormone that deranges it and halts the spinning of webs. The grub then sucks the liquid from the spider’s body and uses the remaining silk to form its cocoon. Fairy wasps are so small that they can lay their eggs inside those of water beetles — and can even mate while inside them. The tiger beetle larva ambushes ants by plugging its burrow with its head and pouncing. However, this doesn’t work with methoca, an ant-like wasp, which can overcome the beetle and inject it with poison.

5. “Supersocieties”

Broadcast 21 December 2005, the final programme looks at the superorganisms formed by bees, ants and termites. Attenborough reveals that their colonies, whose individuals were once considered purely servile, are “full of conflict, power struggles and mutinies.” They evolved when such creatures moved away from a solitary existence and started building nests side-by-side, which led to a collective approach to caring for their young. There are about 20,000 species of bee, and a queen bumblebee is shown starting a new nest. As it grows, the inhabitants all help to maintain it and bring nectar and pollen. However, anarchy erupts when the queen starts to destroy eggs laid by her workers: she is stung to death and the colony ends. Ants live in bigger societies, which can make them vulnerable, but Attenborough goads a nest of wood ants into demonstrating their defence: formic acid. In Australia, a nest in a mangrove swamp has to be continuously rearranged to escape the tides. Meanwhile, desert-dwelling harvester ants block up nearby nests in an effort to maximise their food pickings. A bivouac of army ants is explored: they prove to be one of those most regimented organisms, where the action of each individual is for the good of the million-strong colony. Attenborough investigates magnetic termites, whose slab-like mounds are all aligned to account for the movement of the sun. Finally, a full-scale battle between termites and matabele ants is depicted in close-up.

Technical Specs

Video Codec: xvid
Video Bitrate: ~1700 kbps
Video Resolution: 656 × 368
Video Aspect Ratio: ~16:9
Audio Codec: ac3
Audio BitRate: 192 kbps @ 48 kHz
Audio Channels: 2
RunTime Per Part: ~49:45
Number Of Parts: 5 (+ 2 extras)
Part Size: ~700 Mib
Source: PAL DVD + TV cap of ‘Fly on the Wall’
First Broadcast: 2005 (BBC1)

pass: calek

BBC – The Birth of Television
English | XviD 1.0.3 | 448×336 | 25.000FPS | MP3 | 128Kbps | 730MB | RS.com

This programme celebrates the 40th anniversary of the official opening of BBC Television by tracing the history of the development of television from its conception in 1908, thru the BBC’s official opening & its first OB in 1937.

With contributions from:

* John Rowe
* Leslie Mitchell
* John Rye
* John Parry
* Cyril Fletcher
* Arthur Askey
* William Fox
* Gracie Fields
* Dinah Sheridan
* Paul Williamson
* Cecil Madden
* Joan Miller
* Roy Macready
* Bill Drysdale
* Peter Symonds
* Reginald Barratt
* Jasmine Bligh
* Elizabeth Cowell
* Celestine Randall
* Leslie Glazer
* Douglas Birkinshaw
* Tony Bridgewater
* Graham Suter
* Kate Gielgud
* Julia Lewis
* Raymond Cooke
* Ben Clapp
* Jon Brient
* Baird
* Freddy Williams
* Noel Noble
* John Bliss
* Martin Mathews
* Martin Goldstien
* Donald Hatton
* J Percy
* Bernard Greenhead
* Laurie John (Director)
* Bruce Norman (Producer)

First broadcast in 1976, repeated in 1984.

Download:

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The Whisky Dream
(BBC2 Scotland, 15th January 2008)

When two English wine merchants joined forces with two Gaelic-speaking islanders on a hair-brained business scheme, they changed the Islay whisky industry forever.

Within the small independent distillery of Bruichladdich, we witness through their eyes the birth of the first new single malt whisky in Scotland for 10 Years, debunk some whisky mythology and, in a world of fierce whisky hype, uncover the art of the masterblender.

=== File Information ===
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Duration: 00:28:48 (43,212 fr)
File Size: 233 MB (or 238,608 KB or 244,334,592 bytes)

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Audio Bitrate: 128 kb/s (64/ch, stereo) CBR
Frequency: 48000 Hz

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The Secret Family Of Jesus (The.Secret.Family.Of.Jesus.PDTV.XviD-VGN)

In Channel 4’s The Secret Family of Jesus, Robert Beckford explores the historical evidence for claims that Jesus had brothers and sisters, cousins, aunts, uncles and nephews, as well as a deep friendship with Mary Magdalene. Beckford and many other theologians believe that Jesus did indeed have an extended family that survived some 300 years after his death. However, they have been airbrushed from history and excised from the Bible as the result of a power struggle in the early church.

* The idea that Jesus was a divine being is backed by the claim that his mother Mary was a virgin and that his birth was the miraculous work of God.
* There is evidence from the Gospels and other documents that Mary and Joseph had other children besides Jesus, and that he grew up in an ordinary Jewish family, surrounded by brothers and sisters.
* For most Christians Mary’s virginity is central to their faith, and many consider it heresy to suggest that Jesus was not her only child.
* After Jesus died, those descended from his family and friends, led by his brother James, saw the original Christian message as a renewed version of Judaism, and first and foremost wanted to persuade other Jews to join them.
* In opposition to Jesus’ family, Christians led by Peter and Paul wanted to establish a new religion to include non-Jews.
* Peter and Paul’s version won out. They placed more emphasis on Jesus’ divinity rather than his humanity, and wrote the human story of Jesus’ family out of Christian history.
* Peter and Paul’s version of Christianity developed in opposition to the Jewish Christianity of Jesus family and friends and resulted in a seam of antisemitism down the ages.
* Some churches explain the references in the Bible to Jesus’ brothers and sisters by saying either that they were not Mary’s children but the children of Joseph from a previous marriage, or that they were cousins of Jesus.
* According to the earliest Gospel (of Mark) Jesus was a disciple of John, who taught and baptised him, and not the other way round.
* Jews and Muslims see Jesus as a prophet – a human being with a powerful message to change the world – rather than the son of God.
* Some say that the historical evidence of Jesus’ humanity and teachings invalidates 2,000 years of Church teaching that has given more emphasis to his divinity.
* Some argue that Jesus’ humanity and revolutionary teachings – his blueprint for a ‘Kingdom of God on earth’ – are the foundations of Christian belief.
* Christian tradition says that salvation can only come through faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and a literal belief that he died and rose again.

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Audio Bitrate: 48000Hz 130 kb/s Joint Stereo LAME3.90
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Subs: No
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Length: 01:40:31

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Great British Journeys, presented by Nick Craine (Coast & Map Man)

We know who explored new worlds, conquered mountains and sailed oceans.

But who ‘discovered’ Britain?

In this fascinating series, Nick Crane investigates eight epic and challenging journeys, following in the footsteps of our greatest indigenous explorers.

From the 12th century to the 20th, from major cities to the wilds of the Hebrides, Nick pieces together how the map of Britain took shape. And, in the process, discovers something about who we are.

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01 – Thomas Pennant
In 1772, Thomas Pennant set out to explore the last remaining blank on the map of the British Isles, a place he described as ‘desolation itself’.
At the time, more was known about America’s east coast than about the Hebrides.

02 – William Gilpin (The River Wye)
In Observations on the River Wye (1770), William Gilpin drew, painted and discussed one of the most beautiful rivers in Great Britain. He did so in order to formulate his theories on landscape, the picturesque and the nature of God.
In seeking out nature and views, Gilpin was actually the first to popularise a pastime we assume is timeless. A country clergyman, he became the genius of British sightseeing, and his journey an important milestone in British tourism. In a sense, William Gilpin’s trip down the River Wye – largely conducted on a boat in pouring rain – was about helping us to see this country in a new light.
In retracing it, Nick Crane sets out to discover why Gilpin made such trips so popular. How was the River Wye affected by the changes that were around in Gilpin’s day? And has Gilpin’s quest for the picturesque corrupted our view of landscape?

03 – Celia Fiennes
Can Nicholas Crane follow in the footsteps of an intrepid 17th century
explorer to the very top of the great precipice at Blackstone Edge? It took
a certain kind of woman to ride a horse from London to the Scottish border.
That Celia Fiennes was courageous there is little doubt, but she was also an
acute observer. Her descriptions make fascinating comparison with the modern landscape. Hardly any aspect of England’s geography escaped her eye.
Celia was fascinated by anything that was new. Country houses and gardens,
the hospitals and spas appearing all over the country: they all spelt out
the march of progress that she thought made England great.

04 – William Cobbett
William Cobbett’s Rural Rides (1821-6) criss-crossed the southern counties – Surrey, Hampshire, Wiltshire. Appropriately they began at the highest point in south east England: Leith Hill, from where a rolling panorama unfolds in every direction.
At the time, England was in flux. The Napoleonic Wars were over, but returning soldiers found the countryside no longer had jobs for them.
Cobbett was convinced this was endemic of a nation tearing its own heart out – that heart being agriculture.
In this journey, Nick tries to find out if Cobbett was right or wrong. Were the advances in agriculture destroying ‘old England’, or was Cobbett just a traditionalist railing against progess? Is anything left of Cobbett’s countryside – and why did his journey nearly land him in prison?

05 – Gerald of Wales
Gerald’s account covers a seven week journey in March and April 1188.

From Hereford, Gerald covered over 500 miles. His route ranged from southern Wales, an area he knew, to the wilder north. Along the way he tackled some of Wales’ steepest mountains and most treacherous rivers.

His trip bequeathed not only the first book ever to be wholly devoted to Wales, but also the most vivid portrait of a British medieval journey ever written.

Gerald made this journey because he and Baldwin, the Archbishop of Canterbury, were under orders from the King to enlist men for the Third Crusade.

Nick sets out to uncover how successful their appeal was. Did their journey work out as planned? And what was it like to travel around Wales 800 years ago, compared to now?

Who was Gerald of Wales?
Gerald de Barri was the son of a Norman knight, and actually only a quarter Welsh.

In 1188, Gerald was in his 40s, archdeacon of Brecon and a royal official. Despite the historical gap, we know plenty about him. He was tall, energetic and an excellent horseman. Apparently he even had shaggy eyebrows!

Arguably Gerald is Britain’s first travel writer. Although he wrote by hand in Latin, he shows qualities we appreciate today. An excellent storyteller, historian and naturalist, he writes with style and flair, keeping his readers interested. He also creates a mental map of Wales, vital in an age before cartography was commonplace.

Gerald never made it to the Holy Land, instead he dedicated his life to writing. By his death in 1223 he’d produced 17 books, a staggering achievement for his era. In fact, because of those books we know more about him than almost any other person living at the time.

06 – Daniel Defoe
Where was the journey?

In the early years of the 18th century, Daniel Defoe travelled around the whole British Isles. As a spy, merchant and journalist, he knew the country better than most. He’d even travelled around it on the run from the law.

He wrote his Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain to inspire his fellow countrymen and women. He saw this island as a land of opportunity, rather than the island of difficulties he created in Robinson Crusoe.

Nick follows the first of Defoe’s 17 trips: from London through the mud and marshes of Essex, the storm-battered coast of Suffolk and the commercial heartland of Norfolk.

In doing so, Nick tries to uncover why Defoe started with East Anglia. Why was it so important in his day? And what happened to it afterwards?

Who was Daniel Defoe?

Daniel Defoe (1659 or 61 – 1731) was a pioneering English novelist, the father of modern journalism, a writer who published over 500 works and the author of one of the greatest adventure stories ever written.

But with this work he had deeper aims than spinning a good yarn. Daniel Defoe was obsessed with money – the making and losing of it.

He thought a guidebook would fill a gap in the market, and make him rich. That’s probably why he wrote the Tour anonymously. He paints an incredible picture of Britain, but hides the person who wrote them. By coming across as a well traveled entrepeneur, Defoe concealed his own notoriety as the 18th century equivalent of Del-Boy.

07 – John Leland
Where was the journey?

In the 1530s, England was in a state of turbulence, caused by Henry VIII’s break from Rome and dissolution of the monasteries. Leland was sent on a mission by the monarch to save the libraries of these vanishing monasteries. But over nine years (1533-42), he turned the trip into something bigger.

Leland planned to produce the information for a great map of Great Britain. He set himself the task of visiting and describing the entire nation in detail. It was a staggering undertaking, one that ultimately drove him mad.

The journey that best exhibits Leland’s legacy was his 1533 visit to Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.

In this Great British Journey, Nick Crane retraces Leland’s route and tries to discover what impact the dissolution of the monasteries had on the Tudor landscape. Does anything of that landscape remain today? And what was it about this project that cost Leland his sanity?

Who was John Leland?

Born in 1503, John Leland became a Royal Chaplain in 1529 then sub-librarian to Henry VIII. A scholar and priest, he was by instinct a geographer with a fantastic eye for detail.

His journals made him the great recorder of Tudor England: although he feared his words wouldn’t survive, Henry VIII ordered them preserved. And while Leland died without producing his great map of England, the notes he left behind confirmed him as England’s original discoverer, the man who invented field work and whose rigorous methods laid the ground for generations of mapmakers.

So why did he go mad? It’s probable that the magnitude of his task took a huge toll on Leland. And as a religious man, it must have pained him to see the fabric of the church being destroyed. But perhaps it was the loneliness of being so far ahead of his time that finally drove him over the edge.

08 – HV Morton
Where was the journey?

HV Morton toured Scotland in the 1920 and 30s, driving a Bullnose Morris, from south to north and east to west.

At the time, Scotland still had the feeling of wild unexplored lands – and the motor car the novelty of a new form of transport that could open such places up. Morton tried to capture this spirit with his writing, and in doing so struck a popular chord with the middle classes of his day.

But there are layers beneath what initially appears an unashamedly picturesque meander through Scotland. For example, did Morton really believe the car was the ultimate mode of travel? What was he really looking for? Did he embellish his account at all? And how much has Scotland changed in the 70-odd years since?

Who was HV Morton?
The wonderfully-named Henry Canova Vollam Morton was born in Lancashire in 1892. At 17, he joined the paper his father edited: The Birmingham Gazette. This led to The Daily Express, where he made his name covering the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb.

Despite his English birth, Morton’s Scottish mother had filled his childhood with tales of Bonnie Prince Charlie, William Wallace and Rob Roy. It was inevitable he’d leap at The Daily Express’s request for a series of articles on driving round Scotland.

It led to two books: In Search of Scotland (1929) and In Scotland Again (1933). They are two of the earliest and best books from a 60-year career in travel writing, that also covered Europe, Africa and the Middle East. They’re escapist classics, a romantic blend of landscape, history and colourful characters, with nothing reserved about the style. If anything, Morton runs out superlatives too soon, but this weakness can also be a strength of great travel writing: it truly makes you wish you were there.

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In June 2000, astronomers made an extraordinary discovery. One that promises to solve one of the biggest problems in cosmology – how and why galaxies are created. Incredibly, the answer involves the most weird, destructive and terrifying objects in the Universe – supermassive black holes. Scientists are beginning to believe that these forces of pure destruction actually help trigger the birth of galaxies and therefore are at the heart of the creation of stars, planets and all life.

Supermassive black holes are so extraordinary that until recently, many people doubted that they existed at all. The idea of giant black holes the size of the Solar System seemed more like science fiction that reality – such monsters would be so powerful that they could destroy the very fabric of the Universe. But in the last five years a series of discoveries has changed our understanding of supermassive black holes and galaxies forever.

Using the powerful Hubble Space Telescope, scientists have been scanning nearby galaxies, searching for these giant black holes. It’s a difficult job – by their very nature black holes swallow light – so can never be seen. So what scientists have been looking for is the effect of their massive gravity, hurling stars around them at immense speed. What they’ve found is more extraordinary than anyone could ever have imagined; not just evidence that these vast destructive monsters exist… but so far they’re in every single galaxy toward which they have turned their telescopes. These giant agents of destruction appear to be common throughout the Universe. Scientists now think supermassive black holes are a fundamental part of what a galaxy actually is.

Lurking at the heart of every single galaxy is a giant black hole of apocalyptic proportions – and that includes our own galaxy, the Milky Way. Astronomer Andrea Ghez has been studying the heart of the Milky Way for the last five years. What she\’s discovered is irrefutable evidence for a giant black hole, 3 billion times the size of our own sun. A black hole that could destroy the entire Solar System. And as Horizon was filming in July 2000, Ghez got some terrifying images – of the giant monster sucking up gas and stars at the galaxy heart.

So what is this giant monster doing at the heart of our galaxy? What effect will this giant black hole 25,000 light years away have on us and the rest of the galaxy around it? These are questions that have been puzzling astronomers for the last few years – and in June, two separate groups of scientists found evidence that points to a startling answer. Rather than being destructive parasites, it seems that supermassive black holes may be essential in the very creation of the galaxies they live in.

Exactly how our galaxy was created has mystified astronomers and physicists for years. Although there have been many theories, there’s little evidence to explain how the gas in the early Universe condensed to form the galaxy we see today. Now scientists realise they’ve been missing a vital ingredient – a supermassive black hole. The immense gravity of a giant black hole might trigger the gas to collapse in the first place. By churning up the gas around it, a giant black hole would trigger the birth of stars, planets and life itself. Despite being the most destructive thing in the Universe, scientists now think our supermassive black hole could be crucial in creating the galaxy as we know it.

The supermassive black hole in our own galaxy may be the reason we exist, but recent work suggests it may also be our end. At present Earth is so far away from the black hole that it can’t affect us, but physicist John Dubinski thinks all that could change. In January 2000 he graphically simulated the final fate of our galaxy. In 3 billion years we will collide with the next door galaxy, Andromeda. The resulting apocalypse will force the Earth and our Solar System out of orbit. Dubinski has calculated a worrying 50:50 chance that we’ll be sent hurtling in towards the black hole at the centre of this maelstrom. This would be fatal for the Earth.

Technical Specs

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pass: calek

BBC – TRIALS OF LIFE – David Attenborough 1990
The Trials of Life is a BBC (in conjunction with The Australian Broadcasting Service and Turner Broadcasting System Inc.) natural history television series of twelve episodes, about animal behaviour, written and presented by David Attenborough, originally transmitted in October 1990

The series took over three and a half years to make, during which time Attenborough travelled almost a quarter of a million miles.

Each episode was just under 50 minutes long, recorded in 4:3 aspect ratio with stereo sound.

There was an accompanying book, and the series is available as a four-disc DVD set (erroneously entitled Trials of Life) with an extra, 50-minute feature: “The Making of The Trials of Life”. A similarly titled three-disc set has also been released, with each episode cut to around 25 minutes. The former is included in The Life Collection box set.

Part of David Attenborough’s ‘Life’ series, it was preceded by The Living Planet (1984) and followed by Life in the Freezer (1993).

1. “Arriving”
Birth is the first dangerous step into a hazardous world. The vast majority of newborns are consumed by other creatures who are struggling to compete in the perpetual game of life. Egg-laying animals, live-bearing, pregnant males, body snatching wasps — the strategies are diverse, but the aim is simple: to launch progeny into the world with a good chance of progress on the road to becoming parents.
2. “Growing Up”
Attenborough says, “The task of gaining size and strength sufficient to survive unaided is the main task of childhood.” From abandoned babies to those cared for by generations of family, like elephants, communal nurseries and synchronized birthing seasons, the responsibilities of child care and teaching of the young shows again that growing up in the natural world is a complex and hazardous business.
3. “Finding Food”
Finding food, and avoiding becoming food to other organisms, is a problem every animal faces. The vital quest opens up a complex world of intrigue and cunning, of ploy and counter-ploy. Animals can avoid becoming someone’s dinner by running or hiding. Plants, without these defences, have developed surprising ways to protect themselves.

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password : http://www.docs4you.qfhs.org

4. “Hunting and Escaping”
Life and death duels are the daily routine of life in the wild. The desperate battles between assassins and their victims have fuelled an evolutionary arms race resulting in an art of pursuit and evasion. All confrontations end in one of two ways: the predator goes hungry or the prey loses its life. Every conceivable stratagem is needed by both the hunter and the hunted: traps and baits, warnings and deceptions, brute force and sheer speed. This episode contains the famous scene of a killer whale capturing, killing, and eating a sea lion pup.
5. “Living Together”
Committed by evolution to live together, animal partnerships are widespread in the natural world. Some of these relationships between species are ancient and intimate. All reflect a balance of benefit and exploitation. A Gaby acts as look-out for a shrimp, which is almost blind. Ferocious Australian ants milk a certain caterpillar, and like good farmers, return it to shelter at night. Some microscopic parasites perform beneficial cleaning services for their nourishment.
6. “Homemaking”
At some time in their lives, if not throughout them, animals need homes. To accomplish this, they have become potters and plasterers, weavers and needle workers, miners, masons, thatchers and sculptors. Like humans, they worry about the costs of home repair, deterring unwanted guests and keeping the weather out. Prairie dogs reduce the stuffiness of their burrows with a built-in air conditioning system.

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password : http://www.docs4you.qfhs.org

7. “Finding the Way”
Animals journey around the globe with amazing accuracy… one that we have only matched with satellite navigation. Each year, Arctic terns leave their nests 600 miles from the North Pole and migrate 12,000 miles. Then they return to nest within inches of their old homes. In the middle of the Sahara’s Great Sand Sea, a tiny ant uses the sun as a compass to find its way in a featureless environment.
8. “Fighting”
Whether to win food, to claim or hold a plot of territory, to capture a mate, fighting is accepted practice in the wild. Deciding whether to fight or flee depends on costs and rewards. Animals assess their own abilities against the potential damage of teeth, hooves and horns on the opponent. Then they fight with intensity proportioned to what they stand to gain or lose. However, all disputes do not have to end in violence.
9. “Friends and Rivals”
Many animals find it advantageous to live in groups, and their communities work more efficiently if they have some form of social structure. Inevitable squabbles over food, nesting places, arguments over mates must be settled with a minimum expenditure of time and energy. True socialites, the vampire bats not only scratch one another’s backs, but also share each other’s meals. The leaf-cutting ant colony is like a single superorganism.

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password : http://www.docs4you.qfhs.org

10. “Talking to Strangers”
The ways animals communicate to each other. Most use ripples in the air but the sea is also full of sound of animals communicating. The loudest of all sounds in nature is made by blue whales, who can sing to each other on opposite sides of the ocean. Competing male frogs in Panama make so much noise, they have a special system to avoid jamming each other’s signals.
11. “Courting”
Nightingales and whales sing. Hamsters and moose lay perfumed messages. Visual splendour is hardly of value when it comes to raising a family, yet female birds often select their partners on this basis. For other animals, the way they dance is crucial. Some males forego charm and resort to violent tactics to attract a partner. Harlequin beetles hurl one another off trees. Topi antelope clash horns in bitter struggles.
12. “Continuing the Line”
When it comes to sex, there are no fixed rules in the animal world. The barnacle is the most well-endowed of all males, but it is also a female. Some species start out as females and later become males. Palolo worms indulge in mass orgies on one special night of the year.

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Source: DVD, PAL, 25 fps.
Runtime per episode: ~ 1 hour.
Format: XviD.
Video bitrate: ~ 1440 kbps.
Audio: AC3 at 192 kbps, 2 channels, 48KHz.
Aspect ratio: ~1.78 (656 x 368).
Audio Language: English.
Subtitles Included: English for the hearing impaired.

Life in Cold Blood.
Sir David Attenborough brings viewers the final chapter of his epic overview of life on Earth, as he transforms perceptions of cold-blooded animals in this landmark series.
“Reptiles and amphibians are sometimes thought of as slow, dim witted and primitive. In fact, they can be lethally fast, spectacularly beautiful, surprisingly affectionate and extremely sophisticated,” says David.
Using the very latest in filming technology – including ultra-high-speed, thermal, miniature and on-board cameras – David reveals their surprising and intimate lives and discovers the secret of their success.
At the end of each episode, a 10-minute feature, Under The Skin, produced in collaboration with the Open University, examines the technology used by scientists.

The Cold Blooded Truth – programme one.
——————————————
David begins the story on the Galapagos Islands, among massed ranks of marine iguanas. Thermal imagery reveals how these lizards bask in the sun and then pour into the cold sea, as the accumulated heat powers their dives.
In California, side-blotched lizards fight for the best sun-baked rock-piles to use as radiators. Here, females choose the males with the hottest rocks as mates. Mediterranean wall lizards, meanwhile, bask on the bizarre dead horse arum flowers that produce living heat as a by-product of making a disgusting odour to attract flies.
Off the coast of South Africa, David finds a riot of reptiles – the highest concentration of angulate tortoises on Earth. They, too, sunbathe to power their hot-blooded jousting, using “lances” on the front of their shells. A “tortoise cam” reveals how they flip each other over in these vicious fights.
Reptiles can be sensuous, too – the tenderest courtship is, surprisingly, performed by the ultimate cold-blooded killer: the saltwater crocodile. The five-metre-long gigantic male gently caresses the much smaller female while blowing bubbles to reassure her.
David also meets a modern giant reptile that is an exception to the cold-blooded rule – the ancient leatherback turtle is the largest of living reptiles. As the female lays her eggs, thermal cameras reveal that her internal body temperature is above that of her surroundings.

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Invaders Of The Land – programme two.
——————————————
Among chorusing frogs in Panama, Sir David Attenborough asks how amphibians first managed to invade the land. The Australian lungfish, an ancient relative of the amphibians that can breathe air, and the giant Japanese salamander, one of the largest amphibians on Earth, give vital clues about their first tentative steps. These giant land invaders also demonstrate fiercely protective parenting skills.
In a disused goldmine, David finds salamanders that no longer need water. The mine walls glisten with dozens of female western slimy salamanders guarding their eggs and young. They are ready to put up a fight against other predatory hungry females, who see their young as a source of nourishment.
The primitive worm-like caecilians demonstrate parental care never filmed before. The mother produces a rich secretion and the young lap it up like milk and, more bizarrely, they also eat her skin, tearing at it like mini sharks. She is unharmed and regularly feeds her babies in this way.
But in some amphibians the fathers do the work. The male of the beautiful poison arrow frog, in Peru, carries each of his tadpoles on his back before depositing them into their own individual breeding pools. He guards them, and, when one needs feeding, calls in the female – leading her to the right pool, where she lays an infertile egg as food.
A TV first reveals the intensely protective parenting of the marsupial frog, in Australia, who guards his clutch of eggs until they are ready to hatch and then straddles them to allow the tiny white tadpoles to wiggle into two special pouches on his hips. He carries his growing family around for several weeks and then “gives birth” to tiny, perfect froglets.
In Panama, David meets the rare golden frog – filmed for the last time in the wild. It communicates with its rivals and mates by semaphore in the form of gentle hand waves.
Amphibians have even made it to the driest of places. The rain frogs in South Africa live underground, emerging from the soil when the first rains arrive. The males are too small to grasp the fat females so produce glue that helps them stick. Unfortunately, it makes them stick to other males, too. Once paired, the females dig underground – taking the tiny attached male with her. Below the soil, she makes a special chamber for her eggs and even secretes a moist foam to provide the young with their very own underground pond.
Finally, David ends up in the baking deserts of Australia. Even here, a desert spade foot toad can live without water for two years – living proof that amphibians have truly conquered the land.

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Dragons Of The Dry – programme three.
——————————————
From iguanas emerging out of a tropical swamp to a face-to-face encounter with a monitor lizard in the Australian desert, David Attenborough traces the lizards’ colonisation of the Earth as they ultimately became the Dragons Of The Dry.
The first step in their success was the evolution of hard shelled eggs. In Australia, lace monitors lay eggs in termite mounds leaving the babies with a problem when it comes to hatching – an adult has to dig them out. Once freed, like many small lizards, they take to the trees for safety.
Male jacky dragons use their tree perches to display by head bobbing and arm waving. Sometimes, they fight to back up their signalling and the loser admits submission with a slow arm wave. In Florida, David encourages an anole to display by using a mirror to simulate a rival. It head bobs and then flashes a vibrant red dewlap flap on its throat at the “imposter”.
But the real masters of colourful display are the chameleons. In Madagascar, David meets the smallest in the world – the minute pygmy leaf chameleon. In Malawi, there is a joust between two dinosaur-like Mellor’s chameleons and, in South Africa, a Cape dwarf chameleon gives birth to a litter of young in a tree. As the babies drop, their fall is broken by a sticky substance that catches on the branches.
The secrets of the chameleon’s hunting technique are revealed as the action is slowed down by up to 80 times using an ultra-high-speed camera. The tip of the tongue actually grasps and enfolds the prey.
New discoveries are also made about the elusive pygmy blue-tongued skinks. David tempts one out of its burrow with a fishing rod, and a special probe camera reveals the secrets of its underground family life. The babies remain with their mothers for weeks just like birds in a nest.
Less touching, but more dramatic, is the free-for-all mating frenzy of the brilliantly coloured South African flat lizards. Females are constantly harassed by ardent males and have to thrash them with their tails and flailing arms to keep them under control. Equally impressive are the bizarre wrestling bouts of the Mexican beaded lizards, which can last over an hour. Males circle and grasp each other, eventually locking together to form an arch while still trying to push each other over. The one that gains the most submissions is the winner.
Other lizards owe their success to deceit rather than strength. In South African deserts, baby bushveld lizards mimic the black and white warning colouration and stiff legged, hunched gait of a beetle. It serves as protection because this particular beetle has a very unpleasant form of defence. David experiences at first hand how it squirts acid at predators. Finally, he returns to the baking deserts of central Australia, home to the bizarre ant-eating thorny devil and the largest of Australian lizards, the 5ft-long perentie – a true Dragon Of The Dry.

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Sophisticated Serpents – programme four.
——————————————
David Attenborough examines the fascinating lives of the most misunderstood group of reptiles – the snakes – and reveals that their simplistic body design has contributed to their success. Snakes evolved from humble burrowing, legless lizards to become some of the most highly developed predators on Earth. In America, David spies on a timber rattlesnake as it hunts warm-blooded prey at night. A purpose-built camera traps and infrared cameras reveal the complex strategy used to set up an ambush. And, for the first time, the lethal strike is captured on camera in the wild.
Although venom is a lethally effective weapon, most snakes prefer not to bite as they can get hurt in the process. But, there are other ways to deliver venom as David demonstrates. Wearing a mask – to avoid being blinded – he tests the accuracy of a spitting cobra.
One of the biggest challenges for snakes is swallowing a large meal. An X-ray camera reveals the remarkable technique of an egg-eating snake as it devours, crushes and regurgitates an egg many times larger than its own head. More remarkable still is the shocking feat of a giant python swallowing a huge gazelle.
Giant male king cobras will fight over a mate but they have a “gentlemen’s agreement” not to use their potentially fatal bites. Instead, they sway in a hypnotic, rhythmic dance, trying to press each other to the ground. Mating king snakes also try and avoid fatal encounters, too. They eat other snakes and can identify friend from foe by following seductive scent trails. When a pair meets, the male soothes the female by vibrating his body alongside hers. Conveniently, he has two penises so can mate from either side.
After courtship comes birth, and the cameras capture a mammoth reptilian water birth as 15 live baby yellow anacondas are born and swim to the surface to take their first breath. David says: “These most sophisticated animals cope with life’s challenges and they do it with elegance and grace.”

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Armoured Giants – programme five.
——————————————
The intimate lives of some of the largest and most impressive animals alive today – crocodiles, turtles and tortoises – are revealed in Armoured Giants, the final programme in this landmark series. All of them are covered in thick scales that have turned into armour, yet, despite their tough exteriors, these animals are capable of astonishing behaviour and warm-hearted interaction. David Attenborough begins the story of these ancient armoured giants in the Galapagos Islands among the beautiful volcanic mists, where he finds the biggest and most long-lived of all reptiles – the giant tortoises. Observing the difficulties they face, David says: “Making love in a suit of armour is not easy.” Luckily, these tortoises have a solution – their shells are specially shaped so that the mating pair fit together like spoons.
Green turtles mate in the water and face a different problem. Filmed in exquisite detail, a mass of green turtles in a stunning tropical blue sea passionately fight for a mate. The tension increases as several males frantically jostle to attach themselves to the female, almost drowning her in the process. Eventually, the attacking males give up and the mating pair breaks free to take a life-saving breath of air.
In Australia, David reveals newly-discovered behaviour. On a flooded road by a small river, over 40 huge saltwater crocodiles gather and work together to feast on migrating fish. Just like bears feeding on salmon, they gather together especially for this event and dramatically pick off fish as they leap through the air. This is remarkable behaviour, since these crocodiles are highly territorial and have to suppress their aggression when they are massed together.
And there are surprising moments of compassion, too. Perhaps most touching of all is a female spectacled caiman, which has to escape the onset of a drought while looking after a whole cr?che of babies belonging to other caiman mothers. Their only chance of survival is if she can lead them on a migration across a parched wasteland fraught with danger. The female rises to the challenge and leads the youngsters to a new life-saving pool of water.
Finally, David concludes that the primitive reputation of reptiles and amphibians is far from the truth. In fact, they are very sophisticated – especially in the way they use energy. David says: “At a time when we ourselves are becoming increasingly concerned about the way in which we get our energy from the environment, and the wasteful way in which we use it, maybe there are things that we can learn from Life In Cold Blood.”

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Wild Europe – DVD1 & 2 BBC (2006)
DVDRIP | Language: English | XviD 720×480 | 25 fps | Audio 224 kbps | 1.3GB

Discover the story of Europe, from the birth of the continent through to the modern day.
It is an epic journey back three billion years, through tropical swamps and ice ages, among civilisations
and revolutions, to experience the events that shaped the landscapes and wildlife of Europe.
No other continent has such a variety of landscapes and wildlife crammed into so little space.
What gives Europe this incredible diversity?

MOVIE (DVD1 – 98mins):
PART1: GENESIS

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http://rapidshare.com/files/70275515/WE_DVD1A.part7.rar

PART2: ICE AGES

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MOVIE (DVD2 – 98mins):
PART1: TAMING THE WILD

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PART2: A NEW MILLENNIUM

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http://rapidshare.com/files/120672966/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part8.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/120675219/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part7.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/120677550/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part6.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/120680175/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part5.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/120682879/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/120685755/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/120688519/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/120691454/National.Geographic.Naked.Science.Birth.Of.The.Earth.part1.rar

Cities of the Underworld – Istanbul S01E01

Istanbul is undoubtedly one of the most dynamic and exotic cities in the world. Once the capital city of three of the world’s most powerful empires–The Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman–its strategic location made it the perfect spot for empires to rise, fall…and rise again. Residents of Istanbul walk on top of remnants of these fallen civilizations…literally. Taxis drive over parts of Constantine’s Lost Great Palace; children play on cobblestone streets concealing a massive Byzantine dungeon; a high school sits on a 3rd century wall leading to the bowels of a 100,000 seat ancient Roman Hippodrome; and basement’s of old Ottoman homes lead to subterranean tunnels and secret cisterns. Join host Eric Geller as he leaves the buzz of the city streets behind and follows the pull of the past. Teamed with leading archeologists and experts, Eric peels back the layers of the past–to reveal a hidden history that hasn’t seen the light of day for ages

Cities of the Underworld – Scotland’s Sin City S01E02

In this fascinating instalment of ‘Cities of the Underworld’, we delve into Edinburgh’s double life. Above ground, Edinburgh has long been a sophisticated and educated city. Today, it is famed for a world renowned annual arts festival surface, as well as a rich literary tradition dating back to the Scottish Enlightenment.

Yet while Edinburgh cemented its reputation as Scotland’s intellectual and cultural hub, a darker world expanded below. From plague victims being buried alive under the streets to body snatchers, illegal distilleries and castle dungeons, Edinburgh’s underground has myriad mystifying tales to tell. We join Eric Geller as he investigates these stories, separating tartan truth from Caledonian conjecture. He discovers the engineering marvel of Edinburgh’s underground, which was created when the city actually changed its street level.

Eric takes viewers on a gripping journey through a metropolis whose very existence was forgotten until recently. For almost 200 years, Edinburgh was surrounded by a giant defensive wall. Unable to expand its boundaries, it became the most densely populated city in Europe. The towering tenements of the Royal Mile are a direct physical manifestation of this massive overpopulation.

Cities of the Underworld – Hitlers Underground Lair S01E03

There are remnants of a dark past concealed beneath Berlin’s concrete streets and graffiti adorned architecture. There are still over a thousand Nazi bunkers engineered into the city’s sandy soil. Oddly enough, these lost remnants of Hitler’s ill-fated Germania were initially inspired by underground beer brewing plants. In this fascinating instalment of ‘Cities of the Underworld’, we join host Eric Geller as he travels through the dark and damp recesses of Berlin’s secretive soil.

Geller examines the history of Adolf Hitler’s Fuehrerbunker, the concrete complex of subterranean rooms which housed Hitler, his fellow Nazi leaders and his staff during the frantic final months of the Second World War. In April 1945, as Berlin was encircled by Soviet troops, Hitler committed suicide in his underground hideaway. The following day, Joseph and Magda Goebbels poisoned all of their children and committed suicide themselves.

Although Russian forces attempted to blow up the bunker in 1947, it proved to be fairly indestructible. Indeed, the East German communist government tried unsuccessfully to destroy it again in 1959. Its close proximity to the Berlin Wall meant that the site was undeveloped and neglected until after 1990’s reunification had taken place. Several parts of the bunker were unearthed during the construction of residential housing; in 1990, the bunker was reopened and photographed.

Government authorities are still rightly concerned about the site attracting unwanted adulation from Neo-Nazi groups. It is for this reason that the surroundings remain anonymous and largely unmarked. Many Berliners and visitors do not realise that history’s most infamous war bunker lies below the grey communist-era architecture. This programme gives viewers a unique insight into the underground labyrinth that occupies a key position in the history of the Second World War.

Cities of the Underworld – Romes Hidden Empire S01E04

The city is a place where the past meets the present on every road, as well as below them. A journey beneath Rome’s sophisticated sun drenched streets reveals a staggeringly interesting secret history. Infamous Roman emperors such as Caesar, Augustus and Nero have each left their marks on the city – and left remnants of their reigns underground.

We join charismatic host Eric Geller on an amazing journey through the city’s subterranean past. He outlines the details of a secret cult that practiced next to the famous Circus Maximus, revealing a temple which still remains beneath the street.

Beneath the Piazza Navona, which sits majestically at the top of Domitian’s Stadium, pieces of the emperor Trajan’s Basilica can be found under a gallery owned by fashion dynasty, Fendi. Eric shows us that Rome’s underground is filled with evidence of life during the Empire. Our enthusiastic presenter discovers what life was like during Nero’s tyranny and Augustus’ reforms, peeling back the layers of time in order to display the subterranean secrets of the Roman Empire.

Cities of the Underworld -Catacombs of Death S01E05

Paris is a vibrant capital city with a rich cultural and political history. Situated in northern France, on the River Seine, the ‘city of lights’ is a global leader in business, culture, art and entertainment. Attractions such as the twelfth century Notre Dame Cathedral and the picturesque, romantic streets. The distinctive Eiffel Tower, erected as part of the 1889 Universal Exposition, still dominates the city’s twinkling skyline.

Yet a disturbing alternative world lurks below the sophisticated streets of this cosmopolitan capital. In this ghoulish episode of ‘Cities of the Underworld’, Eric Geller gradually peels away the layers of time to access the dark subterranean secrets which lurk below even the most charming and genteel Parisian districts.

In this fascinating programme, presenter Eric Geller gives viewers an Eiffel of Paris’s subterranean delights. He unveils crypts filled with the bones of former residents, ancient waterfronts, waste-filled sewers, and hundreds of miles of labyrinthine limestone tunnels.

Our intrepid presenter visits the Denfert-Rochereau Ossuary, the ‘empire of the dead’ where over seven million Parisian skeletons are buried. As the city’s population expanded, the bones were placed here as over ground cemeteries reached their capacity. The disinterred remains are neatly stacked and aligned to form the walls of almost a kilometre of walking passage.

The process of moving the bones began in 1786, three years before Paris erupted into a storm of tumultuous and world-changing revolutionary fervour. The process of disinterring the bones from the cemeteries, moving them into the limestone quarries, and arranging them there took a number of decades. By the time this lengthy relocation process had been completed in 1860, five to six million skeletons had been moved to these creepy catacombs.

Geller investigates the numerous spooky stories which visitors to the ‘empire of the dead’ have to tell, and takes us on a comprehensive – and frequently unsettling – tour through the city’s sinister subterranean underside.

Cities of the Underworld – City of Caves S01E06

Budapest is a burgeoning Eastern European metropolis with a rich and exciting history. Hungary’s capital possesses a complex identity, poised midway between western luxury and simple eastern tradition. With its leafy avenues, elaborate bathhouses and attractive parks, the Pearl of the Danube continues to enchant and impress visitors.

The Romans settled in Budapest in the first century; they introduced modern architectural techniques such as the use of column, stone, plaster and arches. They also made abundant and impressive use of the thermal springs which lie under the city, creating the very first public baths. Indeed, Budapest was known as Aquincum during Roman times.

Some 500 years later, the Magyars – founders of the Hungarian nation – arrived on the scene. Subsequently, the city underwent invasions from the Mongols and the Turks. In the seventeenth century, Hungary became a province of the Hapsburg Empire.

After the First World War, Budapest emerged as the capital of a country only one third of its pre-war size, while the Second World War wrought major destruction upon the city. The 1956 uprising against post-war communist rule, and the collapse of the Soviet style regime in 1989, are also key moments in the city’s often embittered history. Today, Budapest is a modern, friendly and striking city.

Yet Budapest is perched precariously atop an ancient secret. During the ice age, a cavernous underground complex was formed beneath ground level. Subsequently, everybody from the cavemen to the communists have moved their city into the murky depths of this parallel world.

We join charismatic host Eric Geller as he reopens the sealed time capsule that lies beneath Budapest’s higgledy piggledy streets. Geller unearths a top secret Second World War era hospital; he also locates the source of the boiling healing water used by both the Romans and the Turks. As he peels away the layers of time, Eric reveals the layers of support added throughout the centuries to keep the modern city from falling into the ancient one buried below.

Cities of the Underworld – New York S01E07

New York is a major American metropolitan centre with a rich and interesting history. The City That Never Sleeps is the most populous city in the USA, and also one of the world’s most important business, financial and cultural hubs. The Big Apple is also crammed with iconic architecture and world famous tourist sites. The Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building and the Metropolitan Museum of Art are just the tip of the touristic iceberg.

In this incredible episode of ‘Cities of the Underworld’, Eric Geller reveals that the underground of the twenty-four hour city also refuses to sleep. New York’s underworld is a living, breathing tangle of engineering, history, and secrets. Every year, over a billion people ride on the city’s legendary subway system, but there is a whole world beneath the city that no one gets to see. Top secret tunnels, subterranean mega structures – and even forts dating back to the 1600s – can be found lurking below the crowded city streets.

Grand Central is the largest and busiest train terminal in the world. Over 700,000 commuters pass through its historic main concourse every day. Yet even native New Yorkers do not know that beneath the station there is an elaborate world of abandoned ghost tunnels and hi-tech nerve centres.

There is also a room that was so top-secret during the Second World War that anybody caught inside it would have been shot on sight. The 80,000 square foot basement was the main power centre for Grand Central Terminal. A successful sabotage attempt would have stopped all troop movements and all war material movements.

Our host also unveils an off-limits train station located below one on New York’s most famous hotels. It was originally designed serve just one passenger: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Eric also takes us to the original rivers and aqueducts that led New York’s ascent, braving a massive urban labyrinth where the past, present, and future collide.

Cities of the Underworld – Londons Lost Cities S01E08

London is Europe’s largest city, and is a leading cultural, business and financial centre. The most populous city within the European Union, it has an official population of around eight million people. An international transport hub and major tourist destination, for centuries it has been one of the most powerful cities in the world.

Above ground, London allows the eager visitor to feast upon a cornucopia of touristic treats. The city is a network of world heritage sites and towering landmarks such as Tower Bridge, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament. The British Museum, the National Gallery and the Victoria and Albert Museum are among a host of cultural and artistic attractions.

Yet another world lurks beneath the city’s congested roads, rainy streets and grey pavements. In this instalment of ‘Cities of the Underworld’, Eric Geller reveals a hidden warren of Roman baths, secret crypts, lost rivers and indestructible bunkers. Eric discovers the subterranean secrets found below all of London’s most famous landmarks.

The majority of people believe that London only has one river: The Thames. But a number of tributaries that were once open streams and rivers are now hidden beneath the city streets, diverted into sewers, drains and culverts. The Fleet – which gave its name to Fleet Street in EC4 – is the most famous of these ‘lost rivers’. It rises in Hampstead in the north and flows underground through Kentish Town and King’s Cross, to join the Thames near Blackfriars Bridge. In mediaeval times the river was central to a number of trades. Tanneries and slaughterhouses lined the banks of the Fleet; the dyes and blood turned the river various shades of red.

As our expert host slowly peels back the layers of time, he reveals Winston Churchill’s famous Cabinet War Rooms. This vast complex of secret bunkers was constructed beneath the streets of London during the Second World War. For the British prime minister and his cabinet, the rooms provided an invaluable refuge from the nightly onslaught Nazi air raids.

Cities of the Underworld – Beneath Vesuvius S01E09

Naples is a striking and culturally rich Italian city. It is the capital city of the Campania region and the province of Naples, and has a population of around one million. The busy city is bursting at the seams with history, and its streets are filled with monuments and churches.

Naples narrowly escaped meeting the same fate as its neighbouring city, Pompeii, in 79 AD when Mount Vesuvius wiped out everything around it. The wind saved Naples that day, but life in the shadow of this massive volcano is unlike any other.

The city occupies a unique and precarious position in Italian geography. It is situated midway between the active volcano Vesuvius and a separate volcanic area, the Campi Flegrei (or ‘fiery fields’). Together, these components form part of the Campanian volcanic arc. This geothermal area runs from Vesuvius itself beneath a wide area including Pompei, Herculaneum, Naples, Pozzouli and the coastal Baia area. Over the course of several millennia, mining and various infrastructure projects have formed extensive, labyrinthine caves and underground structures in the zone.

For centuries, Neapolitans have carved out their underground, creating a parallel world where their secrets are safe. Entire neighbourhoods line the underworld, time capsules of ancient life – with banks, bakeries and homes preserved below. In subterranean Naples, there are old Greco-Roman reservoirs dug out from stone, as well as enormous and cavernous catacombs. During the Second World War, these tunnels were used air raid shelters; their walls still bear inscriptions which depict the suffering endured by ordinary Italian citizens as the world went mad around them.

From delving into an ancient Greek cavern to uncovering Nero’s famous stage underneath a modern apartment, Don Wildman steps back almost 2000 years to discover the world beneath the volcano.

Cities of the Underworld – Freemason Underground S01E10

From hidden tunnels beneath Boston to the incredible waterworld under Philadelphia, the Freemasons left behind the blueprints to America’s rise.

Cities of the Underworld – Draculas Underground S01E11

Don Wildman journeys beneath the intriguing streets of the Romanian capital Bucharest in search of the hidden world of Vlad the Impaler

Cities of the Underworld – Secret Pagan Underground S01E12

Cappadocia, a region in modern day Turkey, contans a subterranean world of defence where entire civilisations hid for thousands of years.

Cities of the Underworld – Underground Bootleggers S01E13

Portland is a clean, safe and progressive city. Don Wildman investicates the secret underground criminal past of the City of Roses

Cities of the Underworld – Rome the Rise S01E14

Eric Geller delves beneath the Italian capital’s vibrant streets to unlock the secrets of the birth and rise of the Roman Empire.

http://rapidshare.com/files/90733955/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E01_-_istanbul.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90738943/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E01_-_istanbul.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90743497/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E01_-_istanbul.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90450401/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E01_-_istanbul.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90455084/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E02_-_scotlands_sin_city.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90459843/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E02_-_scotlands_sin_city.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90464465/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E02_-_scotlands_sin_city.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90467390/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E02_-_scotlands_sin_city.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90472030/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E03_-_hitlers_underground_lair.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90491670/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E03_-_hitlers_underground_lair.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90495936/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E03_-_hitlers_underground_lair.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90498737/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E03_-_hitlers_underground_lair.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90503018/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E04_-_romes_hidden_empire.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90507227/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E04_-_romes_hidden_empire.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90511265/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E04_-_romes_hidden_empire.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90513654/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E04_-_romes_hidden_empire.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90517725/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E05_-_catacombs_of_death.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90521546/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E05_-_catacombs_of_death.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90525317/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E05_-_catacombs_of_death.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90527850/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E05_-_catacombs_of_death.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90531434/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E06_-_city_of_caves.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90534811/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E06_-_city_of_caves.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90538106/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E06_-_city_of_caves.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90540172/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E06_-_city_of_caves.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90543539/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E07_-_new_york.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90546689/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E07_-_new_york.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90591190/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E07_-_new_york.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90592842/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E07_-_new_york.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90595787/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E08_-_londons_lost_cities.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90598742/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E08_-_londons_lost_cities.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90601737/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E08_-_londons_lost_cities.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90603621/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E08_-_londons_lost_cities.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90607189/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E09_-_beneath_vesuvius.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90636907/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E09_-_beneath_vesuvius.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90641196/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E09_-_beneath_vesuvius.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90643877/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E09_-_beneath_vesuvius.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90648237/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E10_-_freemason_underground.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90652784/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E10_-_freemason_underground.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90656960/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E10_-_freemason_underground.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90659604/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E10_-_freemason_underground.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90664062/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E11_-_draculas_underground.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90668762/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E11_-_draculas_underground.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90673805/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E11_-_draculas_underground.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90676730/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E11_-_draculas_underground.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90681499/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E12_-_secret_pagan_underground.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90686257/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E12_-_secret_pagan_underground.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90691127/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E12_-_secret_pagan_underground.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90694257/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E12_-_secret_pagan_underground.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90698975/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E13_-_underground_bootleggers.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90703595/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E13_-_underground_bootleggers.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90708485/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E13_-_underground_bootleggers.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90711535/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E13_-_underground_bootleggers.part4.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90716095/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E14_-_rome_the_rise.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90720974/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E14_-_rome_the_rise.part2.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90726098/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E14_-_rome_the_rise.part3.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/90729220/Cities_of_the_Underworld_-_S01E14_-_rome_the_rise.part4.rar

This is a fantastic series made by the BBC. It is a dramatisation about how we would travel to mars, jupiter and even pluto.

http://rapidshare.com/files/49546703/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part01.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49550204/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part02.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49553393/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part03.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49556789/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part04.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49560299/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part05.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49563923/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part06.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49567464/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part07.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49571603/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part08.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49575775/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part09.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49579632/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part10.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/49583057/Bbc_-_Space_Odyssey-Voyage_To_The_Planets__Documentary_2004_.part11.rar

Full description is taken from these links:
Episode 1
Episode 2

Full Description:
Episode 1

The interplanetary spacecraft Pegasus and her five-strong crew are launched into Earth orbit. Their epic six-year mission has begun.

Their first encounter with Venus lies just 41 days away from Earth.

Although it’s Earth’s nearest neighbour, Venus could not be a more different world. With clouds of sulphuric acid, surface temperatures pushing 500°C, snows of metal that encrust mountain peaks and atmospheric pressures that could destroy a submarine, this is a hell-hole of a planet.

Astronauts Zoe Lessard and Yvan Grigorev make the nail-biting descent in a landing craft called Orpheus.

As the lander plummets to the surface in a fireball enveloped in a shroud of gases, Pegasus loses contact with the Orpheus crew. Cocooned in the supremely re-enforced landing craft, though, the astronauts land safely.0

Encased in an ultra-toughened titanium spacesuit, Yvan takes mankind’s historic first steps on to the planet.

His objectives are to collect samples, lay sensors to listen for volcanic eruptions and to retrieve a piece of a robot from a previous Russian mission – but soaring temperatures inside his suit prove almost too much.

With everything that’s keeping them alive at its design limits, these two planet pioneers make their escape with only seconds to spare.

Mars is 240 million kilometres and 62 days of interplanetary travel away.

Mission Commander Tom Kirby, medic and geologist John Pearson and exo-biologist Nina Sulman make their descent in another specially designed lander, Ares.

This frozen, red planet should prove comparatively easy to explore compared to the ferocious conditions on Venus but, as Tom steps onto the surface, a dust devil, five times larger than anything on Earth, engulfs him.

Fortunately, the Martian atmosphere is so weak that even these giant twisters are harmless. It does Tom no permanent damage, bar leaving a red hue all over his spacesuit!

Supported by a host of robotic explorers, the crew head for the edge of Valles Marineris – a canyon system a thousand times the size of Arizona’s Grand Canyon.

Their quest is to search for water in an attempt to discover life on Mars.

Marvelling at the breathtaking views, the team is suddenly alerted to the imminent arrival of a solar storm carrying lethal levels of radiation.

The safest place is inside Ares. Desperate to complete the experiments, their struggle back becomes a race for their lives.

Battling against radiation and giant dust storms, the team eventually complete their exploration of Mars and return to Pegasus.

They must now cross the inner Solar System for an unsettling, but necessary, close encounter with the Sun at temperatures approaching a staggering two million degrees centigrade.

This accelerates Pegasus briefly to one million kilometres an hour, which helps propel them the next 800 million kilometres to Jupiter.

On the way, however, a scary brush with a rogue fragment of rock begins to erode the crew’s trust in Mission Control back on Earth.

As they crash into the top of giant Jupiter’s immense atmosphere a few weeks later, there is concern that Control might have betrayed them again.

Even more worryingly, flight medic John Pearson seems to be getting very sick.

Episode 2

Just over 200 days of travel from the Sun, Pegasus reaches the largest planet of the Solar System, Jupiter.

Danger lies in a menace lurking at Jupiter’s core – a churning mass of liquid metallic hydrogen that inflates a magnetic bubble around the planet, producing levels of radiation 500 times the dose that would kill a human.

To repel these lethal rays, Pegasus generates its own magnetic field.

Mission geologist Zoe is to land on Io, one of Jupiter’s moons. As the most volcanically active world in the Solar System, it’s a geologist’s heaven.

This scientific bounty does, however, come at a price. Perilously close to the most lethal Jovian radiation belts, Zoe risks severe exposure but she’s trained hard for this day and nothing is going to stop her exploring these exotic lava flows.

Her exhilaration at being on the surface quickly turns to frustration when her spacesuit malfunctions. Even the most cutting-edge technology and millions of pounds of development cannot guarantee safety in these other worlds.

Zoe is forced to cut the mission short. No samples are returned and, to her despair, half the expedition is a failure.0

The ringed world of Saturn is almost a year of interplanetary travel away. By the time they reach it, medic John is seriously sick and deteriorating rapidly. He seems to have been exposed to a lethal level of radiation as Pegasus passed the Sun.

Amongst a mesmerizing trillion shards of ice and rocks tumbling in endless rings around this gas giant, crew member Nina Sulman conducts a spacewalk.

She collects a fragment for testing, hoping it will help establish the rings’ origins and age.

By the time she returns, John has passed away, no longer able to fight the radiation in his body. His death is a terrible blow to the astronauts.

Torn between returning to Earth or venturing on to Pluto, at the edge of the Solar System, the psychological stress takes its toll and the crew take the unprecedented step of cutting contact with Mission Control whilst they make up their minds.

Eventually, the astronauts re-establish communication having decided to continue on their Plutonian path.

Almost two years elapse before Pegasus draws close to the tiny frozen world of Pluto, its massive moon hanging close by.

Tom and Yvan make the descent and spend 10 days constructing a telescope which will remain on the surface after they leave, scouring the Galaxy for other Earth-like planets.

Heading for home, there is one final mission: to land on a newly observed comet, Messier, to sample pristine material from the birth of the Solar System in a search for the organic building blocks of life.

As the crew rests inside their lander, the comet suddenly starts breaking up without warning, shedding material into space and blocking a safe return to orbit.

Zoe and Nina make a dramatic emergency launch to bring them within sight of Pegasus, but comet debris has breached its hull, injuring Yvan.

Tom is busy fighting a fire on board. The safety of Earth suddenly seems a long way off…